• September 25.2008

Media geopolitics of the Mohammed cartoons

Posted by Dominique Lewis Tuohy on February 15, 2006 at 12:42 PM

 The Editors' Weblog has compiled a provisional list of the newspapers that have printed some or all of the cartoons since 30 September 2005, date of publication of 12 cartoons of the prophet Mohammed in Danish newspaper Jyllands Posten. Even provisional, this list is the most exhaustive on the internet, thanks to members of the World Editors Forum and to bloggers close to the EW.

The main conclusions are:

- to our knowledge, more than 130 national or local newspapers (excluding the student newspapers and online publications) published some or all of the 12 cartoons (sometimes just a pohtography) in approximately 50 countries . It also means that around 1,7% of the dailies around the world - 8,300 paid-for dailies according to World Press Trends 2005 - made the difficult decision to publish the cartoons.

- Europe was the continent where the most newspapers published the cartoons: at least 70 papers. It is not surprising that the Netherlands was the country most involved in the controversy (after Denmark)... a few months after the assassination of the film maker Theo Van Gogh by an Islamist activist. Same thing in France after the veil debate and the November 2005 riots.

- Within Europe, the first publications to reprint the cartoons in January-February 2006 were in general right-wing publications, for example ABC in Spain, Die Welt in Germany and Corriere della Sera in Italy. Then more leftist publications followed suit, for example Libération and Le Monde in France.

- Surprisingly, Arab and Muslim newspapers were also involved in the controversy from the very beginning, with the first reprint on 17 October 2005 (see below)! More than 12 Arab and/or Muslim newspapers published the cartoons. The decision to publish provoked terrible consequences for the editors-in-chief of these publications. Same consequences for some directors of television in Sudan and Algeria. 

- How to define the position adopted by American, British, Canadian and Australian newspapers? Media responsability, political correctness or self-censorship? The most surprising is not the position defined in many editorials (from The New York Times to The Guardian), but this strange impression of unanimity and consensus: only three regional newspapers on more than 1,400 newspapers in the States and zero newspaper, but a student daily in the UK for taking the risk...

- And what in the rest of the world? Nothing. Almost the desert for the publication of the cartoons in the Americas (apart Brazil), Africa (apart South Africa) and above all Asia (apart New Zealand). As if this controversy was only between Europe and the Arab world and if blasphemy was still relevant in regions as Asia and the Americas: not only about Mohammed, but about all religious issues.

My conclusion: the geography of the publication of the Danish cartoons tells us a lot about our democracies: what is allowed, what is forbidden... and what is taboo. In fact, it's more geopolitics than geography!

Cover page of Al Fager, the first newspaper around the world to re-publish the Danish Mohammed cartoonsCover page of Al Fager, the first newspaper to republish the Danish cartoons: Al Fager is an Egyptian weekly (photo from the Egyptian blogger Sandmonkey)

 
The list below also comprises some information about televisions who broadcasted the cartoons.

Last update on 28 February (Israel, USA

17 September 2005: Politiken, a leading Danish newspaper, reports that Kaare Bluitgen, a writer, cannot find an illustrator for a book about the life of Muhammad, because artists fear reprisals from Islamic extremists

30 September 2005 : Jyllands-Posten (top daily in Denmark) published 12 cartoons of the prophet Mohammed. One week later, Danish muslim leaders called for J-P to withdraw the cartoons and make an official apology.

October 2005

17 October, Egypt: Al Fager ("Dawn", weekly) published some Mohammed cartoons including one in the cover page. This is the first newspaper to republish Jyllands-Posten drawings around the world. But not surprisingly, when you go to www.elfagr.org, one cover page has disappeared:the 17 October issue! According to afrol.com, "The relatively small publication - which earlier has made international headlines after publishing death threats against the Coptic Pope - published the full-scale cartoons as an illustration of the bad morals of the European press". This is maybe the explanation why Al Fager is the only Muslim publication not to be prosecuted.

21 October, Norway: Aftenposten (daily, 2nd largest circulation) published a photo of the Jyllands-Posten page, but not directly the cartoons (evening edition)

End of October 2005, Holland: Elsevier (major weekly) and then De Volkskrant (daily, 2nd largest circulation) published Mohammed cartoons.

October and November 2005, Denmark: two times, Politiken reprinted some cartoons.

November 2005

3 November, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Slobodna Bosna (weekly) published a cartoon


7 November, Germany: the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (6th largest daily) published one cartoon.

9 November, Romania: Evenimentul Zilei (second largest circulation)

11 November, Denmark: Weekendavisen, Sunday version of daily Berlingske Tidende (3rd largest circulation in Denmark) prints satirical drawings of Islam, including the J-P cartoons

12 November, USA: the Valley Mirror (Sacramento region bi-weekly)

December 2005

Germany: Die Welt (to confirm)

22 December, Holland: Trouw published four Mohammed cartoons

January 2006 (until 29 January)

7 January, Sweden:  Expressen (third largest circulation), GT (Göteborgs Tidningen, regional newspaper) and Kvällsposten (Malmö, regional newspaper)

9 January, Norway: acccording to our information, Dagbladet (third largest publication) published the cartoons (photo of Jyllands-Posten page) only on the newspaper's website.

10 January, Norway: Magazinet (weekly), small Christian publication, re-printed the 12 Mohammed cartoons.

12 January, Switzerland: Die Weltwoche (weekly)

26 January 2006, Jordanian weekly Al Mihwar published Mohammed cartoons. The editor has since been charged with blasphemy for publishing the cartoons.

 
From 30 January to February 2006, Mohammed cartoons are published (or broadcasted) in the following countries:

Europe:

Austria: Kleine Zeitung (2nd largest circulation), Der Standard (7th largest circulation), Die Presse (daily, 6th largest circulation)

Belarus: Zgoda (weekly), one of the few remaining independent newspapers under the authoritarian Belarusian regime. "The newspaper has been banned from the state-run distribution network and is mailing copies directly to subscribers." The Belarussian State Security Committee has initiated a criminal case against the newspaper.

Belgium: Het Nieuwsblad (2nd largest circulation), De Standaard (10th largest circulation), De Morgen, Le Soir (first largest circulation for French speaking newspapers)

Bulgaria: Monitor (5th largest circulation), Novinar (daily, 8th largest circulation)

Croatia: Nacional (second largest weekly). The paper wasn't circulated in Bosnia-Herzegovina

Czech Republic: Mladá Fronta Dnes (daily, 2nd largest circulation) and Hodspodáfiské noviny (daily, 7th largest circulation). Also in the weeklies Respekt and T˘den.

Finland: no reprint of cartoons in Finnish dailies, but Helsingin Sanomat published an AFP photo of the France Soir cover page with a new cartoon. Kaltio (small culture magazine) published online a new drawing portraying a masked prophet Mohammed. The magazine's board decided to sack its editor, Jussi Vilkuna, after he refused to remove the cartoon from the magazine's website.

France: Le Monde (top national daily). The newspaper also published an original cartoon depicting the Prophet drawn by the famous French cartoonist Plantu. France Soir (the managing director was sacked after publication of cartoons, see previous postings here and here), Libération (national daily), L'Express (weekly), Charlie Hebdo (weekly). Also 20 Minutes (free paper). Le Parisien published its own Mohammed cartoon.

Germany: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (after first publication of one cartoon on 3 November 2005), Die Welt, two more times after first publication in December (second largest quality newspaper), Die Tageszeitung, Der Tagesspiegel, Die Berliner Zeitung (regional newspaper), Der Spiegel (weekly), Focus (weekly), Die Zeit (weekly)

Greece: Eleftherotypia (second largest circulation)

Holland / The Netherlands: NRC Handelsblad (daily, fourth largest circulation in Holland), De Telegraaf (top daily in Holland), Het Parool.

Hungary: Népszabadság and Magyar Hírlap

Iceland: DV according to wikipedia

Ireland: The Irish Daily Star (Irish version of UK daily tabloid, fourth largest daily circulation in Ireland)

Italy: La Stampa (daily, 5th largest circulation in Italy), Il Corriere della Sera (Italy's top daily), La Repubblica (second largest circulation), Libero (small right-wing newspaper), La Padania (small right-wing newspaper)

Lithuania: Vakaro Zinios (top daily), Respublika (fourth largest circulation)

Macedonia: Vreme (2nd largest circulation) + Vest according to Wikipedia

Poland: Rzeczpospolita (2nd largest quality newspaper). "In the next edition, chief of Rz apologized for people who felt hurt, but with addition that he would publish Mohammed cartoons once again in the name of media solidarity".

Portugal: Pùblico (second largest national quality newspaper) and maybe other dailies (to be confirmed)

Russia: Nash Region (weekly) and Bryansk Subbota. According to AP, "Mikhail Smirnov, the owner of the weekly Nash Region, based in Vologda, about 500 miles north of Moscow, said he stopped publication to prevent "religious strife." Prosecutors opened an investigation of editor Anna Smirnova on charges she used her position to incite hatred."

Volgograd newspaper Gorodskiye Izvestia (owned by the Volgograd City Hall) has been closed down by the Russian authorities following the publication of a new religious cartoon. The cartoon in question showed Jesus Christ, Mohammed, Moses and Buddha watching television images together showing two groups of people preparing to fight each other, the caption below saying: "We did not teach them to do that."

Media organisations have been warned that they will have their licences revoked if they shouid print anything that is deemed offensive to any religion.

Slovakia: SME. Pravda published a photo of the Jyllands-Posten cartoons page and an editorial against the publication of the cartoons! (these are the two largest quality newspapers)

Slovenia: Mladina (weekly)

Spain: ABC (daily, 4th largest circulation), El Mundo (daily, 2nd largest circulation), El Periodico (daily in Catalunya, 7th largest circulation). El Pais (top daily) reproduced Plantu's cartoon originally published by Le Monde in France, but not the Danish cartoons.

Sweden: Helsingborgs Dagblad (regional newspaper). Dagens Nyheter (2nd largest circulation) didn't reprint the cartoons but a photograph of the Jyllands-Posten page with the cartoons.

Online: "Sd-Kuriren, a radical rightist online newspaper in Sweden has joined the cartoon fray in February after initiating a new prophet Muhammad cartoon contest."

Switzerland: Blick (Switzerland's top daily), NZZ am Sonntag (the sunday edition of the Neue Zürcher Zeitung), Weltwoche, Le Temps, La Tribune de Geneve, 24 heures (10th largest daily)

Ukraine: Segodnia (daily, 2nd largest circulation)

United Kingdom: only Gair Ryhhd (Free word in Welsh), University of Cardiff student newspaper (newspaper recalled, editor and three other journalists suspended after one cartoon was published - 10,000 copies were printed and then a majority of them pulped) (see previous posting)

BBC: "The corporation showed the images as they appeared in French newspaper France Soir as part of a story on the controversy on 2 February One O'Clock News bulletin and on the News 24 channel."

Arab and Muslim Countries:

Algeria: Essafir ("The Ambassador", weekly), Errissala (weekly, "The letter"), Iqra (or Irqaa, "Read", weekly, cultural supplement of the Panorama weekly). Newspapers were closed down and their editors arrested for publishing blurred Mohammed cartoons. Surprisingly, th last two weeklies are often defined as "pro-Islamists".

Algerian public television: "the big changes made in the leadership of the two Algerian satellite channels, Canal Algerie and A3 are directly linked to the showing of the blasphemous cartoons of the prophet. The issue emerged last week, when the two channels showed the cartoons while reporting on their publication by the French newspaper France Soir.

Indonesia: Peta (the editor was reportedly charged with blasphemy), Gloria (Christian weekly,  its editor has been dismissed)

Jordan: Al Shihan (weekly). The editor was fired, arrested and temporarily detained, and charged with blasphemy. See previous postings here and here.

Malaysia: Guangming Daily (the Chinese publication was suspended during two weeks), Sarawak Tribune (English language Borneo daily) suspended indefinitely after cartoons were published and its editor resigned. "This newspaper becomes the fourth publication in the country’s history to have its permit to publish suspended."

Mid February, the Malaysian government banned publication of the images (see previous posting). Nevertheless - according to Bernama News agency - the oldest English-language daily newspaper, New Straits Times reproducedon 22 February a syndicated cartoon, which was first published in its Monday edition. Accompanying the cartoon was an editorial defending the newspaper's action. Finally the editor-in-chief and group editor of New Straits Times (NST) were summoned by the Internal Security Ministry. NST offered an apology on its cover page and finally it was accepted by the government on 24 February.

Morocco: Le Journal Hebdomadaire (French speaking weekly) republished an AFP photography showing the Jyllands-Posten page (each catoon was around 3 millimeters high,more or less ununderstandable). Before distribution, the publisher decided to mask the photography, but - according to our sources - not in all printed copies.Two days later, a small demonstration happened and the publisher accused  the government and the regional authorities for manipulating the Moroccon public opinion.

Saudi Arabia: Al Shams (The Sun, new youth paper launched at the end of 2005- see previous posting). The paper said it was doing so to mobilize the campaign in Saudi Arabia against Denmark. An investigation was launched by the Ministry of Media and Culture and on 20 February the paper ceased - temporarily? - publication according to BBC Monitoring

Sudan: no newspaper. Imad al-Din Ibrahim, director of Khartoum Province's radio and television corporation resigned Monday 13 February after broadcasting cartoons caricaturing the prophet. He offered the audience a formal apology.

Yemen: Yemen Observer, Al-Hurriya and al-Rai al-Aam (three weeklies).

Muhammad al-Asadi, the editor-in-chief of the Yemen Observer, was released from jail on a commercial guarantee on 22 February by a court in west Sana'a. However, Al-Asadi, who denies all charges, has yet to be cleared of the charges. The newspaper has been closed down.
Also Al-Hurriya and al-Rai al-Aam were shut and their case sent to prosecutors.
During a short period, Akram Sabra, the managing editor, and reporter Yehiya al-Abed were arrested.
The prosecution has also issued a warrant for Kamal al-Aalafi, the editor-in-chief of al-Rai al-Aam.
The Yemeni journalists' association called for the release of the journalists and for the annulment of the closure decrees "because these measures were not ordered by a court".

Rest of the World:

Africa:

Angola: Agora (one of the four main dailies)

Guinea Bissau: Diario de Bissau

Kenya: no newspaper. But the Nation group, the largest media company in the country, must apologize because of the showing of the blasphemous cartoons of the prophet during an evening news programme of a television owned by this company.

Mozambique: Savana (independent weekly). Editor-in-chief of Savana, Fernando Goncalves, has made a public apology after the vandalisation of the Mediacoop offices (owner of the weekly).  "But despite the appology, the muslims are demanding the sacking of the  "Savana" management, namely Kon Nam and Fernando Goncalves."

South Africa: Mail and Guardian. The editor was threatened by anonymous letters after the publication.

But South Africa is in a unique situation with a "national ban" decided by a High Court after the request of a council of Muslim theologians, the Jamiatul Ulama of Transvaal. South African publications, including the Sunday Times (South Africa's largest newspaper), were barred by a high court order from publishing the cartoons. Muslim leaders also said they would continue their boycott of the Independent Newspapers group because of an article published in The Sunday Argus that they deemed offensive to Muslims. The newspaper group apologised later in its daily publication, The Argus.

The Sunday Times, said in a statement that the interdict "pre-empted a decision the newspaper had not yet made" and added it had "every intention of challenging the ruling when the matter returns to court" later this month (February 2006)."

Americas

Argentina: Pagina 12, Perfil (Sunday newspaper) and Infobae.com (economic daily website. No publication in the print edition)

Brazil: O Globo and Folha de São Paulo (the two largest quality newspapers). Revista Veja, according to Wikipedia

Canada: Western Standard, a small conservative bi-monthly in Calgary (West of the country) and The Cadre, a student paper at the University of Prince Edward Island (the 2,000 copies were blocked by the University authorities). Also the Jewish Free Press, a Calgary city paper.

Chile: El Mercurio, 24 horas

Costa-Rica: Al Dia republished an AFP photo with the France-Soir cover page (with a new drawing).

Greenland (under Danish foreign policy): Sermitsiaq (weekly published in Danish)

Honduras: El Heraldo, according to Wikipedia (maybe a photograph of France-Soir pages, cartoons non readable)

Mexico: La Cronica (regional newspaper), according to Wikipedia

Paraguay: no print newspaper. Only lapapa.com.py, online portal for Latin America and Spain

Peru: no print publication. On the website of RPP noticias (a radio), reproduction of the front page of France-Soir and one cartoon

United States: only regional newspapers and students newspapers.

Regional dailies: The Austin American-Statesman (Texas), The Philadelphia Inquirer, The New York Sun (see previous postings here and here), The (Denver) Rocky Mountain News, The Akron Beacon Journal (Ohio), The Rhinoceros Times (weekly, Greensboro, North Carolina), The Daily Press (Victorville, California), The Riverside Press Enterprise (Southern California), The Stranger (weekly in Seattle), Spare Change (homeless run bi-weekly paper, Cambridge, Massachussetts), The Billings Outpost (Montana weekly) with its own Mohammed cartoon, The Columbia City Paper in South Carolina (a seven-month-old weekly).

The editor and three journalists working for weekly freeby the New York Press announced they were quitting because their newspaper refused to reprint the cartoons.

US students newspapers: The Daily Illini, newspaper at the University of Illinois (Acton H. Gorton, editor, was suspended after cartoons were reprinted and the newspaper ran an apology), The Communicator (Fort Wayne, Illinois), The Northen Star (Northen Illinois University), The Harvard Salient (Harvard University) and The Badger Herald (University of Wisconsin at Madison). "Other student newspapers, including those at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Arizona State University and the University of Arizona, have published their own cartoons that comment on or refer to the controversial cartoons." End of February, the (conservative) Tiger Town Observer and the (liberal) Clemson Forum at Clemson University (South Carolina) and Spartanedge.com, an online publication run by students at Michigan State University.

Other websites: Human Events, a conservative online weekly

"The US-based Associated Press news agency has declined to distribute the cartoons to its member papers."

Uruguay: no print newspaper. Only Terra website.

Venezuela: maybe Ultimas Noticias (second largest daily). For sure on their website, just with a photo of a Danish cartoon.

Asia - Oceania

Australia: The Courrier Mail in Brisbane, The Rockhampton Morning Bulletin (regional dailies, Queensland)

Fiji islands: The Daily Post. The newspaper received bomb threats when the newspaper published the cartoons.

India (second largest Muslim community in the world): Patna edition (Bihar) of the English speaking Times of India (second largest circulation in the whole India) published a photography of the Jyllands-Posten page on Friday 3 February. "Raj Kumar, the resident editor, published an apology on the front page on Sunday 5 February."

Cartoons also published in Senior India. "Both the editor and the chairman have been sent to judicial custody till March 7."

India's government has warned the national media not to publish anything that hurts the feelings of any religious community.

Japan: no publication in Japanese. Just in The Japan Times Weekly with a Reuter's photo about Muhammad Cartoons appearing in French Newspapers

New Zealand: The Dominion Post (daily, 2nd largest circulation), The Christchurch Press (daily, 3rd largest circulation). Both newspapers apologised for the publication of the cartoons in the wake of protests. The Nelson Mail (regional newspaper) and The National Business Review (weekly).

Middle East

Israel: Yedioth Aharonot, Ma'ariv, Ha'aretz (the three largest dailies), The Jerusalem Post (rightist daily published in English). Israeli online portals: Walla News, Nana News, NRG News

Thanks for all your comments, thanks to the World Editors Forum members for their contribution. Please continue to send us more information if you think the list is not exhaustive or if there are mistakes.

Last update on 28 February (Israel, USA)

Bertrand Pecquerie and Dominique Tuohy

Sources: AFP (registration required), Reuters, AllAfrica.com, Media Guardian, the New York Times, BBC Monitoring, IRINnews and Wikipedia (excellent collaborative job with links to major newspapers and editorials, especially for the coverage in the US and in South America). See also the list published by Ejour (in Danish) from the Danish School of Journalism, but this list comprises some misunderstandings of the cartoon phenomenon (confusion between photographies and real reproduction of the cartoons, local editions and national editions, websites and print newspapers).

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14 Comments

AM said:

The Jerusalem Post also published them, as well as Ma'ariv

Daniel Liseth said:

In Norway no daily published the material. Only a small publication from a right-wing sect did it.And they are burning the Norwegian flag, embassy etc.

yl kou said:

Malaysian Chinese vernacular paper -Guangming Daily - printed 2 AFP photos and another AP photo on 3rd February 2006 resulted a two weeks temporary suspension order of their evening paper publication permit slammed by Ministy of Internal Security on 14th February.
The Group Editor of the Chinese newspaper conglomerate in Malaysia and the Editor of Guangming were both summoned to the Ministry for explanation a day before the order was announced.

Marjan Jurleka said:

In Croatia only NACIONAL, political news magazine (second largest), published them

BW2221 said:

The (Denver) Rocky Mountain News ran some of thr cartoons Sunday Feb 12.

What's the purpose of this 'catalog' exactly? Surely it matters less how many, where and when the cartoons were published than the attitudes it reveals about the Western (corporate) media and the role these cartoons have (and continue) to play in the demonisation of Islam in the West and in particular, the role they play in the ficticious 'war on terror' propaganda onslaught we are all being subjected to.

paola rolletta said:

Today the Mozambican weekly SAVANA published 8 cartoons. There was a rally in front of the building with some muslims (more or less 60 people) insulting the director of the publication and burning the paper. Police was present. Nobody was injured. So far.

tunisi said:

Muslims deserve the same respect as Christians or Jews
by: Edgar M. Bronfman

http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=1378

J.Kaval said:

Why don't we learn to respect the setiments of the offenders? Faith needs become rational. Religious heads would never allow that. Hence poltical leaders get a weaopn for massdestruction 'Sentimnt bomb'

Mark said:

The Austin American-Statesman in Texas was the first American paper to run one of the cartoons. Also, The Stranger, a weekly in Seattle, printed several.

Mark said:

Also, the New York Sun is not a tabloid.

paola said:

The Angolan newspaper Agora re-published the cartoons too. On the 11 of February.

Curtis Stone said:

I put them up on my website at http://www.obber.com. Also made a small documentary about it.

Your information about the Danish magazine eJour (not Ejour as you write) is not correct. What you call misunderstandings are explained in the Danish content.
Helle Nissen Kruuse
editor

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