
Tehelka is an Indian English-language weekly news magazine whose motto is "free, fair, fearless." It focuses on investigative journalism in the public interest: stories that can make a difference. The
Editors Weblog spoke to founder and editor-in-chief
Tarun Tejpal and
Shoma Chaudhury, executive editor and one of the original Tehelka team, about the challenges that the news magazine faces within the Indian media landscape.
Humble beginnings
Tehelka began in an online-only form in 2000 with $750,000 of investment and Tejpal's desire to "bring back the hard journalism of the 1980s," which he said had been far more combative and adversarial than the softer journalism of the 1990s. Tejpal also hoped that the publication would be a "place for refined and complex writing," but that its journalists would retain "the ability to dirty our hands."
The power of print

Tejpal started Tehelka as an online-only news magazine because the dot.com boom seemed to offer great potential. However, after the website was forced to close due to a barrage of legal action after breaking what Tejpal described as "the biggest story in Indian journalism," Operation West End, Tejpal decided that the web was not the best medium for his publication. "It was not a weapon for battle in India," he said. "I realised if I had had a printed publication, even one with a small circulation, most of what was done to us would not have happened."
So when it came back in 2004, Tehelka appeared as a weekly news magazine. Tejpal had believed it was imperative that Tehelka did make a return: "if it didn't, it would send out a terrible message: if you take on power, you will be rendered extinct." But by making a new start, the message became "if you do the right thing, you might pay the price, but you could still win in the end."
Faced by a lack of investment, Tejpal travelled and addressed gatherings, and managed to persuade 15,000 Indians to write out cheques for advance subscriptions of Tehelka, stressing the importance of the journalism that the title had produced. The first edition of the magazine was launched with this money.
More than just a magazine
Some of Tehelka's 'sting' methods may be controversial, but it is clear that to its staff, the publication is an entity striving for justice that plays a fundamental role in society. "It has sort of acquired a character of its own in the Indian landscape," Chaudhury said, and added how heartening it is to meet people who equate Tehelka with "probity and uprightness and integrity and courage. There comes a kind of covenant that you have to keep."
Chaudhury explained how the experience of being shut down was "very important" for her and how she thought that the magazine shifted in its goals: from being adversarial to looking at any kind of public interest story: "covering the stories of the dispossessed and bringing these to the readership of the rich and powerful." The magazine looks at areas of the country that other urban journalists do not usually address, she said. Tejpal stressed the important he puts on not trying to simplify complex issues, but to respect their complexity.
Operation West End was a sting investigation into corruption in defence procurement, targeting several political figures who were then members of the ruling coalition. Tehelka reporters masqueraded as arms dealers and taped senior politicians and army officers accepting bribes to approve arms deals. "We became famous beyond all that was due to us," Tejpal said. "For the next three years we just combatted the state's onslaught."
Chaudhury highlighted a couple of important issues that Tehelka has since sought to address. One was
exposing alleged state collusion in the Gujurat riots of 2002. "The immediate aftermath of that story was disappointing," Chaudhury said: "it was such a political hot potato that nobody wanted to touch it." But Tehelka's recordings made during their investigation have become part of the official investigation into the issue, and the story "has had a huge impact," she added.
Another story covered the government's plan to launch an operation to tackle Maoist influence in some areas of the country. Feeling that this was not getting enough attention and had the potential to cause civil war, Chaudhury wrote
an article entitled "weapons of mass destruction," in which she argued that this operation was not the right way to address the problem. The government has now "back-peddled," she said.
Tehelka now has about 35 journalists, "a small but motivated team," Tejpal said. The journalists only produce original journalism.
The language question
India is a country of multiple languages and dialects, which raises
different challenges for the media. English is spoken and read only by a small percentage of the
population. For a publication such as Tehelka, which is so firmly committed to spreading awareness of its public
interest journalism, this could appear to be a frustrating limitation. However,
as Tejpal said, in such a vast country, even a million copies would be a drop
in the ocean, and "the real job of journalism in India is to impact those who
take decisions for millions of people: the people who wield political power, or
corporate power." And for this, English is the most appropriate language.

A fortnightly Hindi edition of the magazine does also exist, including
about 50% of the same content as the English edition, the other half being original.
Half a dozen journalists make up its staff.
The pricing question
Tejpal described the low pricing of publications in India as "an Indian malady" as it has meant that proprietors have become "entirely dependent on advertising" and subsequently, "the reader gets the journalism that that advertiser wants, not that that the journalist wants." The business model "is badly skewed," he added. Chaudhury was equally vehement that current prices were unfeasible, pointing out that many people would spend far more on a bag of crisps than on a newspaper or magazine. The Times of India, for example, costs 2 rupees (€0.02) and Tehelka, though expensive by comparison at 15 rupees (€0.22) still does not cover its costs with its cover price.

Chaudhury said that it is impossible for one publication to tackle this problem alone, but she believes that if five or six powerful proprietors got together and decided to change the pricing strategy then they could make a difference. She is convinced that publishers need to free themselves from the stranglehold of advertising by generating enough income from their cover price to allow them to break even. "Advertising should be used to make a profit but not to survive," she stressed, "the entire construct of this business is wrong."
Hope for the future
Having recently received some investment that should mean that the publication is here to stay, at least for now, Tejpal hopes that Tehelka will be able to move beyond its struggle to survive, and start to grow. "We have a very very big reputation, we want to physically acquire a size that matches the reputation," he said. "We would like to have a much stronger web operation, some sort of a TV presence and even expand a little in the print space."
"I hope that the struggle for resources is behind us," he said, "it's been a tough nine years."
Chaudhury also holds much hope for the publication, taking into account the fact that "the idea of Tehelka exists outside me or Tarun or the others... it has sort of acquired a character of its own in the Indian landscape." She has hope that India's troubles will force other journalism "back to doing what it should be doing" and believes that the younger generation is likely to do this better.