Results matching “an american exp”

Mark S. Luckie has graphed an interactive map detailing American newspapers using YouTube and linking to each webpage.

Newspapers with YouTube pages range from Hawaii's Honolulu Advertiser to Illinois' Chicago Tribune to the Washington Post, and include papers in 41 states.

The pages include news videos and other online features for subscribers and vistors.

Blogger Andy Dickinson has uploaded a similar map of newspapers in the United Kingdom.

Source: 10,000 Words via IFRA

The Associated Press suspended the use of US military photos on November 14th after the US Government body distributed doctored photographs of General Ann E. Dunwoody, the first female four star General in US history. This is the second hand out photograph that has been altered by the US army in a matter of months. The fact that a government institution would manipulate a photograph begs the question: can we trust what we see?

The Editors Weblog spoke to Santiago Lyon, the Director of Photography at AP about the events surrounding this suspension and the issue of photo manipulation.

First case - flag appears

Lyon reports that when Dunwoody was promoted, the AP searched for an image of the new General on a US military website that gathers photos of armed services personnel. Unable to locate a photograph, the AP contacted the website and requested a photograph and subsequently received a picture of the General by email. This photo showed Dunwoody with a US flag behind her (the photo on the right). The photo was immediately passed to the editing desk (all AP photographs go through at least one editing desk) where it was vetted and examined; it was then released onto the wire.  The San Antonio Express-News, a Texas-based local newspaper, contacted the AP alerting them to the fact that they had found a very similar image of Dunwoody on Google images, but with no US flag behind her (both photos shown above). Lyon and his team immediately investigated and discovered that a member of US military staff had added the US flag background and changed the number of stars on her uniform from three to four. The photograph was then immediately removed from the AP's wire.

Second case - superimposing a head
 
This was the second such incident involving the US army in a matter of months. The AP collects headshots of all the US personnel that have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan and as part of this effort the AP received a photo that on closer inspection was not what it appeared. The army had the cut out the face of the dead soldier in question from one photo and superimposed it onto an existing mug shot with a uniform and an American flag in the background.

Lyon says, "Because this had been the second incident in as many months, we decided to suspend the use of US military photographs while we examined our own internal policies as well as have a conversation with the US military about what they were doing to these pictures and how this was unacceptable."

Army were, "at a loss to explain it"

Surprisingly when Lyon contacted the military to complain about this incident, it did not appear to accept the gravity of the situation. Lyon reports, "Initially they were a little bit defensive, claiming that this photo did not really alter the substance of the image. Our policy is of course zero tolerance, we do not accept that images be manipulated or that content be added or subtracted more specifically, unless there is a pressing need to for security reasons for example, and in that event we flag this." In further conversations, the army were, "at a loss to explain it." Lyon goes on to say, "I was shocked, but we wanted to deal with it as forcefully as possible and put it behind us."

The Pentagon later told the AP that they would redistribute their guidelines again to staff, which are also firm on the issue of manipulation. Lyon says, "They pretty much admitted that there had been a mistake and that they weren't proud about it, and that they wanted to work with us to try and ensure that this does not happen again."

As a result, the AP has now strengthened its internal policies with regard "hand-out" images (images that it receives from non-AP staff and external bodies). "We have instituted a more rigorous policy of examining those images now, at least two editors have to examine the images closely and if there is any doubt at all, the image is then held pending further examination." Previously, the standard procedure was to examine all images but not in the kind of minute detail that they do now with hand out images. Lyon reports that the AP receives vast numbers of these hand out images from various bodies, including the police, industry and so forth. AP staff know its strict zero tolerance policy for photo manipulation, but is it something that these external organisations adhere to?

In recent weeks not only do we have the AP case, but also the issue of a French Government minister and a disappearing and reappearing diamond ring. A Le Figaro front-page photo of Justice Minister Rachida Dati was doctored to erase a substantial diamond ring she was wearing. The practise of photo manipulation is nothing new: in 1942 Mussolini had a horse handler removed from a photograph of him sitting on a horse in order to make him look more heroic.

As long as there has been photography, there have been photo manipulations. However, with advanced technology and increased use of photo shop, it is now easier to achieve and harder to detect. Lyon says, "It is the click of a mouse and you can add or subtract things from a photo quite easily. What that means for an organisation like ours, whose whole reputation is based on the voracity of the information and telling the truth, is that we have to be ever vigilant." These incidences raise the question of how often these doctored images make it onto our front pages - unintentionally in the case of AP and intentionally in the case of Le Figaro  - as we generally only hear of this when the culprits are caught out. Can we now trust what we see? "You see images that are printed by others and are you always sure of the truthfulness of what you are looking at? It's hard to say. Sometimes you look at an image and you wonder," say's Lyon on the issue.

Lyon says that the Dunwoody image has highlighted the problem to AP. "What this has done is that it has shown us the need to be as vigilant and as careful as possible with hand out images from third parties whose provenance we cannot be 100% sure of. It has heightened our vigilance."

Today's newspaper reader is well aware that anything can be done with an image, even if it is just from their experiences watching the magic of CGI at their local multiplex. However, this is an arena where they expect the full trickery of the camera to be on display, the public does not expect it when they open the newspaper.

Due to the Internet and various other factors, "there has been a huge increase in the number of images that are being sent by international news agencies. 20-years ago we were probably sending 100 images a day in a 24-hour period. Now we are closer to sending 3,000 images in a 24-hour period. When you do the maths, the news agencies are handling close to a million images a year. That's a huge amount of imagery." This increase in distribution and use of photographs highlights the need for there to be strict rules on the doctoring of photographs. The role of a photojournalist is to capture a story for the reader, to bring a story to life, and to tell the truth. Just because we have the technology to do something, it  doesn't mean we should.

Source: AP, Straits Times, National Press Photographers Association, Ethics of Digital Manipulation, Daily Tech

Foreign journalists and editors often face problems establishing themselves in the United Arab Emirates. 

The government "licenses all new publications and approves editors," in addition to adding pressure and suppressing sensitive stories, making the launch of new papers relatively impossible.  

The National, an Abu Dhabi-based daily, is breaking that mold.  Martin Newland is the only non-Emirati editor-in-chief in the country, the Guardian reports.

The World Internet report by the Centre for the Digital Future is reporting that fewer American youth have access to the Internet than those in the Czech Republic, Canada, Macao and Britain. 

The 13-country survey among 12 to 14 year olds showed that 100% of British youth use the Internet, with Israel at 98%.  Only 88% of Americans age 12 to 14 have access, followed by Hungary and Singapore.

Mobile phone access to the Internet is increasing outside of the US, particularly in Southeast Asia, according to a separate bulletin by a software company.

Source:  Reuters via EJC

Several paper manufacturers have reported to Media Bistro that they will not be raising their rates in 2009, giving the financially strapped industry a break in costs.

The high rates of newsprint have contributed to "a wave of downsizing in the beleaguered newspaper industry." 

After an Internet-centric campaign, Barack Obama is now turning to YouTube in order to post weekly videos of his presidential radio address.

According to the Guardian, the video address will also be posted on his transition website, www.change.gov.  His reasons for this are to make the government more transparent and to modernize. 

The American Press Institute's exclusive "crisis summit" concluded Thursday, establishing that the print news industry is in the "phase" of a crisis right before dissolution, Editor and Publisher reports.

James Shein, a "turnaround specialist" and professor at Northwestern University, explained that newspapers are "blinded," and the biggest issue facing the industry's progress is senior leadership.

Leonard Downie, Jr., longtime executive editor of The Washington Post recently discussed the ethical and moral obligations of journalists online.  Downie questions what journalism consists of in the digital world and how journalists can remain accountable.  These questions are becoming increasingly important when anyone can publish anything on the Internet.   

However, contrary to many, Downie believes that "the best professional American journalism may be better than it has ever been."  He feels that "journalists today are better educated, better trained and more expert in the subjects they cover. They use better technology and they work to higher professional standards."  In addition "the web has actually provided journalists with better tools for research and reporting, and it has enabled them to present their journalism in multimedia and interactive forms with greater impact than just print."

Within 24 hours after Barack Obama won the election, his transition team launched change.gov, a web site designed to be a "source for the latest news, events and announcements" so that the public can "follow the setting up of the Obama administration."

The site has a blog, a newsroom and a countdown to inauguration.  According to CNN, the website "is an extension of Obama's online strategy during the campaign."

An "invitation-only, closed-door summit conference" to find ways to "revive the newspaper business" will be held November 13 by the American Press Institute.

50 CEO-level executives, led by James B. Shein, will take the one-day conference at API's Reston, Va. headquarters as an opportunity for a "facilitated discussion of concrete steps the industry can take to reverse its declines in revenue, profit, and shareholder value."  

The conference will not be open to the "working press," however, API said it "will publish a full report on the conference."

"There are concrete steps organizations can take to halt and even reverse" the financial "crisis curve" the newspaper industry has seen, Shein, former "turnaround CEO" and now professor at Northwestern University, said Thursday.

The goal of this conference is to "lay out the steps (organizations) will need to take to begin the renewal process" financially, Shein said.

Source:  Editor and Publisher

The media stands accused of failing to foresee the global financial crisis, of a lack of understanding of the issues, and even of having a hand in the problems we now face. The Editors Weblog has been following the debate, beginning with an interview with the Managing Editor of the Financial Times, Daniel Bogler, who highlighted the problem of the media "fanning the flames" of the crisis. Is the media responsible, or are these accusations merely a knee-jerk reaction?

Danny Schechter is a respected investigative journalist and the author of Plunder, a searing indictment of the modern banking system, the role of government in finance, and the greed-is-good mentality. Schechter's book was published one week before the collapse of Lehman Brothers on the 1st of September, and it examines the very problems that were about to unfold. The Editors Weblog spoke to Schechter about the media's failure, the ethics of advertising, responsible journalism, and the cult of the CEO.

Two key failures

Schechter believes that there were two key areas where the media failed. He says that there was little or no examination into the new breed of exotic financial products that caused many of the problems, such as CDO's, and that the media ignored the warnings from community housing organisations of the predatory lending practises in some of America's poorest communities. "This was a big media failure, we were not warned about it" says Schechter. If Schechter's assertion is correct, why did the media fail to fulfil its role? Newspapers, and the media in general, are supposed to be the fourth estate, a watchdog for citizens. Is it a lack of knowledge on the workings of high finance or has the media lost its way and become part of the problem?

Why did the media fail in its early warning role?

Schechter believes that the media failed in its role because of vested interests. He points out that one of the key sources of revenue for newspapers is real estate advertising in weekend supplements and classifieds, as well as advertisements for credit card and refinancing companies. As a result, he argues there is a connection between the real estate and newspaper industry, their future and success are intertwined. Schechter says, "The newspaper industry is the marketing arm of the real estate industry. In some cities you actually had newspapers getting a piece of the action of sales through the ads that they generated. So they were actually part of the corruption of this whole relationship. So of course there was little real scrutiny about what was actually happening in the neighbourhoods where houses were flipping, where people who couldn't afford to buy houses were buying them with bogus mortgages. Newspapers were making money on the sales of these homes."

Schechter argues that after the dot.com bubble burst back in 2000, all the advertisements from these new emerging businesses stopped, so the $3 billion in lost advertising revenue for the media industry had to be found somewhere. Schechter puts forth that credit card companies and refinancing firms stepped into the gap. He points out that the majority of people do not automatically spend money that they don't have, but it was marketed to them through the media in advertising and life-style supplements. Most of the money that the media makes in advertising is in the last quarter in the run up to Christmas, newspapers run articles on the best presents to buy, and so forth, all of it driving a concept of "buy and shop" which "stimulates consumption." Schechter says, "for me, on the consumer front newspaper's are a marketing instrument and on the investment front it's a confidence building instrument. The media was part of this whole sales machine, and it happened at the same time that newspapers were cutting back on investigative reporting, and ironically expanding business news targeted at the business world; not at the general public, not on the economy and how it affects you and me."

Has financial journalism lost its teeth?

Another criticism levelled at business reporters is that they are too close to Wall Street and the City, and have too much respect for the institutions they are supposed to be examining. John Friedman of MarketWatch was at the press conference announcing the Bank of America's acquisition of Merrill Lynch and wrote, "the media were so polite and deferential to the two CEOs; they behaved as if the press conference were a victory lap for the financial services industry." Schechter believes that "business men are seen as heroes" and it's all part of the "cult of masters of the universe"; he cites the endless sycophantic articles about Bill Gates of MicroSoft and Richard Branson of Virgin. He argues that there is a kind of "cultural embedding, as financial journalists cover business, they become part of the scene, they identify with the players, go to the parties, they are increasingly in a world of fewer and fewer people that is cut off from the mainstream of American life." He believes that many financial journalists want to be like these Masters of the Universe that they write about every day.

Schechter also says that there is no real pressure at the top of media organisations to thoroughly investigate these companies. Thee reason being that they would be investigating their advertisers. As a result, there is no impetus behind financial reporting, no push for the truth and the heart of the story, not enough cynicism.

Furthermore, with the advent of multi-platform publishing and shrinking newsrooms, journalists are frequently, "fireman, going from one fire to the next. When you are doing that, there is very little time for reflective analytical reporting."

Where is the counter-narrative?

During an interview recently on the Editors Weblog, the FT's Managing Editor Daniel Bogler said, "It's unfortunate that the financial literacy and understanding of how things work in the City and of basic accounting and so on, is actually very thin in financial journalism." Schechter agrees with Bogler's point saying, "You have people who are not really very well educated covering these issues. Hence they go to a briefing and a company gives them a story, and they don't really have a counter-narrative."

Reviewing his argument, Schechter's assessment of the media is damning indeed; but it is not unilateral. Schechter points out that many newspapers and bloggers are asking the right questions and searching for the truth in this financial crisis. He cites the UK's Telegraph and Guardian newspapers, saying they "have been way ahead. I find the coverage of the British media better, and increasingly much more critical of what is happening."
 
Omission and Commission

Looking back over the rapid collapse of the world's financial markets, and the uncertainty ahead, Schechter says it is, "a financial system failure, a regulatory failure and a media failure. Everyone is willing to talk about the first two, but they are not willing to discuss the last one. We are all in this. It's a media failure of omission and commission."
 

International coverage of the 2008 presidential election and subsequent Barack Obama victory has news organizations going for local angles.

Overseas interest in the election stems from "American-led wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, along with the Wall Street collapse that has spread to financial markets and consumer pocketbooks around the world."

At a seminar held in Bogota, Colombia by la Fundacion de un Nuevo Periodismo Iberoamericano in conjunction with Google, Latin American representatives of Google News  reassured participants that GoogleBot is not doing the job of traditional editors and that in fact, editors are more important than ever.

The representatives used the example of the Sun Sentinel/United Airlines fiasco in which a negative article about United published in 2002 was picked up by Google News from the Sun Sentinel as breaking news, causing United's stock to plummet. The Google News presenters pointed out that the reason for this problem was that editors at the Sun Sentinel tagged the date of the article incorrectly, and thus Googlebots picked it up as breaking news.

In another example proving the importance of traditional editors, they showed a popular video of O Globo, a large Brazilian media company, that showed a stream of smoke emerging from a cityscape and the live voiceover declaring the smoke caused by an airplane crash. In reality, the smoke came from a fire at a mattress factory at which nobody was even hurt.

The lesson behind the examples was that editors need to fact-check more than ever because once information is published, it is immediately spread all over the world by Googlebots and other software. Editors need to make sure that "informing as quickly as possible is not the same as misinforming."